الوحدة الثانية 2ث

Unit 2
Gulliver's Travels

belong to – ed – ed ينتمي إلي / يخص Dublin دبلن (عاصمة أيرلندا)
Irish (from Ireland) أيرلندي diplomat دبلوماسي (يعمل بالسفارات)
politician سياسي (يعمل بالسياسة) churchman كاهن بالكنيسة
cathedral كاتدرائية (كنيسة كبيرة) publish – ed – ed ينشر (مطبوعات)
(be) a success يحقق شهرة أو نجاح imaginative يتسم بالخيال / ذو خيال واسع
explanation تفسير politics السياسة
commentary (on) تعليق (على) science fiction خيال علمي
(be) shipwrecked تتحطم به السفينة giant عملاق / ضخم جدا
enemy عدو neighbouring مجاور
frightened (of) خائف (من) capture – d – d يأسر
tie … to يربط ... في stop … from + v-ing يمنع ... من
escape – d – d يهرب promise – d – d يعد (يوعد)
fight قتال / يقاتل a favourite of مفضل لدى
beat – beat – beaten يهزم steal – stole – stolen يسرق
punish – ed – ed يعاقب luckily لحسن الحظ
sail – ed – ed يبحر critical commentary تعليق نقدي
represent يمثل / يعبر عن make fun of يسخر من
argue (about) يتجادل (بشأن) ridiculous سخيف / تافه
adventure مغامرة a boiled egg بيضة مسلوقة
author مؤلف representative مندوب
realize – d – d يدرك ridicule = laugh at يسخر من
reward – ed – ed يكافئ voyage رحلة بحرية
suffer from يعاني من stolen car سيارة مسروقة
description وصف publisher ناشر

Listening: Key sentences
Jonathan Swift was born in 1667 in Dublin, Ireland. This country belonged to England at that time.
His father, who died before Jonathan was born, was Irish and his mother was English.
Swift started writing when he worked as secretary to a retired diplomat in England.
He later worked as a politician and a churchman at a cathedral in Dublin.
In 1726, "Gulliver's Travels" was published and became a great success. Different people have different explanations for this.
To some people, the novel was an imaginative children's story, to others, it was a clever commentary on the politics of the day.
Some people today see it as the first science fiction novel.
Jonathan wrote other books, but none were as successful as Gulliver's Travels. Jonathan died in 1745.


Reading: Gulliver's voyage to Lilliput
After a storm at sea, Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's doctor, is shipwrecked on the island of Lilliput.
The people of Lilliput are only 15 centimetres tall. They think Gulliver is a giant sent by their enemies from a neighbouring island of Blefusco.
The people are frightened, so they capture him and tie him to the ground to stop him from escaping.
Gulliver tells the people his story and promises to help them in their fight against Blefusco.
He soon becomes a favourite of the King. Gulliver then helps them to beat their enemies by stealing all their ships.
But Gulliver does not agree with the idea of punishing the people of the island.
This makes the King angry and he decides that Gulliver must die. Luckily, a friend helps Gulliver to escape to Blefusco and he sails home.
A Critical Commentary

In the story of Gulliver in Lilliput, Jonathan Swift is making fun of European politics. The war between the islands represents the war between old enemies within Europe.
Swift also makes fun of the ridiculous things politicians argue about. He shows this by giving the people of Lilliput small minds as well as small bodies.
In the story, they cannot agree about whether you should break a boiled egg at the big end or the small end.
On the second voyage, Gulliver sails to Brobdingnag, where the people are 18 metres tall. He has more exciting adventures. Only this time, Gulliver feels very small.

Definitions



Commentary:
تعليق

written opinions about and descriptions of a subject
آراء مكتوبة وأوصاف عن أحد الموضوعات

Ridiculous:
سخيف / ساذج


very silly
سخيف جدا
Diplomat:
دبلوماسي a person who is employed by a government to live in another country and to speak for the government شخص تقوم الدولة بتوظيفه لكي يعيش في دولة أخرى ليتحدث باسم الحكومة

Neighbouring:
مجاور
near the place you are talking about
قريب من المكان الذي تتحدث عنه

Explanation:
تفسير
the reason why something happens
سبب حدوث شيئ ما
Politician:
سياسي
a person who works in politics
شخص يعمل بالسياسة
Publish:
ينشر (مطبوعات)
print and make available for people to buy
يطبع شيئ ويجعله متوفر لكي يشتريه الناس

Steal:
يسرق
to take something that doesn't belong to you
يأخذ شيئ لا يخصه
A giant:
شخص عملاق a very big person
شخص كبير الحجم جدا
Imaginative:
ملئ بالتصوير المجازي
containing new and interesting ideas
يحتوي على أفكار جديدة وممتعة


Represent:
ينوب عن / يمثل to act or speak in the place of somebody else
يتصرف أو يتحدث بدلا من شخص آخر
Voyage:
رحلة بحرية a long journey on a ship
رحلة طويلة على سفينة
Tie:
يربط attach something with a string or a rope
يربط شيئ بخيط أو بحبل




1- Choose the correct answer:

Gulliver's Travels was ……… in 1726.
a) announced b) advertised c) declared d) published
Gulliver's Travels is thought to be a clever ……… on the politics of the day.
a) communication b) commentary c) memorial d) memory
I can't think of an ……… for his bad behaviour.
a) explanation b) exploration c) example d) examination
When I was a child, I couldn't think of interesting ideas, so my stories weren't very……… .
a) imagination b) imaginary c) image d) imaginative
A ………is a person who is employed to represent one country in another.
a) Diplomatic b) Diplomacy c) Diplomat d) Diploma
Winston Churchill was a famous British ……… who was once a prime minister. رئيس وزراء
a) diplomacy b) politician c) policy d) political
As soon as Gulliver's Travels was published, it was a great…… .
a) succeed b) successful c) succeeding d) success
The Titanic sank on its first……… after it hit an iceberg. جبل جليدي
a) voyage b) journey c) flight d) picnic
It is wrong to ……… things that belong to other people.
a) escape b) borrow c) buy d) steal
Children get upset يتضايقون if their friends ……… them.
a) make up for b) make sure of c) make out d) make fun of
Egypt and Libya are ……… countries.
a) neighbouring b) neighbourhood c) neighbour d) neighbours
You should ………that plant to the wall to stop it from falling over.
a) lay b) lie c) tie d) die
In a dictionary, the letter "V"……… the word "verb".
a) presents b) reserves c) preserves d) represents
Swift makes fun of the ridiculous things politicians ……… about.
a) agree b) argue c) fight d) discuss
In the past, people believed the earth was flat. What a ……… idea!
a) ridiculous b) true c) logical d) reasonable
A ……… is written opinions about the description of a subject.
a) commentary b) commander c) community d) commentator
A ……… is someone who prints something and makes it available for people.
a) broadcaster b) reporter c) publisher d) writer
Two of the soldiers were killed and the others were ……… .
a) ) captured b) died c) lived d) survived
The teacher ……… the class by giving them extra homework.
a) ) rewarded b) punished c) fought d) tortured
A ……… is a long journey on a ship.
a) tour b) flight c) voyage d) hike
Watch your bag! If you are not careful, someone might ……… it.
a) hijack b) kidnap c) steal d) rob
I prefer science ……… to all those serious novels.
a) friction b) function c) fraction d) fiction
The fat old woman looked ……… in her pink trousers.
a) serious b) adventurous c) ridiculous d) amphibious
Only two people were saved after they had been ……… off the coast of Africa.
a) shipwrecked b) shipped c) chopped d) shaped
She was chosen to be the company's ……… at the next meeting.
a) ambassador b) representative c) actress d) diplomat
They managed to………from the burning building. No one was hurt.
a) walk b) save c) fly d) escape
Children are fond of fairy stories قصص خرافية whose characters are princesses, witches or ………!
a) gates b) goats c) giants d) genes
She is very interested in ……… . She wants to become a politician.
a) policy b) politics c) police d) politeness
He's a ruthless عديم الرحمة businessman and he's made a lot of…… .
a) admirers b) supporters c) fans d) enemies
I was upset when they all ……… my suggestion.
a) ridiculed b) appreciated c) praised d) valued
He was ……… at the thought that he might drown. يغرق
a) delighted b) frightened c) pleased d) satisfied
She has found a job as a secretary to a ……… diplomat.
a) tired b) retreated c) retired d) returned
Who does this villa belong ……… ?
a) for b) at c) with d) to


2- Find the mistakes in the following sentences, then write them correctly:
To the people of Lilliput, Gulliver was a genie.
It is wrong to seal things that belong to other people.
The child cried when his friends laughed on him.
She married a man from a neighbour village.
They chose a famous lawyer to present them in court. المحكمة
This designer always comes up with new ideas. He is very imaginary.
Could you give me an exploration of how this machine works?
Swift found work as a secretary to a retiring diplomat.
The vogue from England to India used to take six months.
A documentary is written opinions about and descriptions of a subject.
It's impolite to make funny of poor or old people.
The little boy was frightening of the dog.
This book tells the story of some sailors who were shipwreck.
The police managed to captivate the escaped prisoner.
He tied his horse at a tree.
Stop arguing about such ridicule matters.



Grammar

Conjunctions روابط الجمل

التناقض Contrast

Although بالرغم من + جملة + جملة
Though بالرغم من + جملة + جملة
Although he is very rich, he isn't happy.
I went to school yesterday though I was ill.


Despite بالرغم من + noun / v-ing + جملة
In spite of بالرغم من + noun / v-ing + جملة
Despite being very rich, he isn't happy.
I went to school yesterday in spite of my illness.

جملة + ,but ولكن + جملة
جملة + ,however ومع ذلك+ جملة
He is very rich, but he isn't happy.
I was ill, however I went to school yesterday.


السبب Cause

جملة النتيجة + because لأن + جملة السبب
جملة النتيجة + as لأن + جملة السبب
She was unhappy because she got a bad mark in the exam.
I like studying English as it is an interesting subject.

جملة النتيجة + because of بسبب + noun / v-ing
جملة النتيجة + due to بسبب + noun / v-ing
She was unhappy because of getting a bad mark in the exam.
We couldn't go out due to the heavy rain.


النتيجة Result

جملة السبب + ,so لذلك + جملة النتيجة
جملة السبب + ,that's why لذلك+ جملة النتيجة
She got a bad mark in the exam, so she was unhappy.
English is an interesting subject, that's why I like studying it.


الإضافة Addition

As well as بالإضافة إلى + noun / v-ing + جملة
Besides بالإضافة إلى + noun / v-ing + جملة
In addition to بالإضافة إلى + noun / v-ing + جملة
As well as playing basketball, he can play handball.
I bought a new shirt in addition to new shoes.


الشرط Condition

If لو + جملة مثبتة أو منفية + جملة جواب الشرط
Unless لو لم + جملة مثبتة فقط + جملة جواب الشرط
If he runs fast, he will catch the bus.
If she doesn't study hard, she will get low marks.
Unless you drive carefully, you will have an accident.












1- Choose the correct answer:

She plays two instruments, the piano ……… the violin. آلة الكمان
a) beside b) as well as c) but d) in addition
Besides …… in a factory, he works as a taxi driver in the evening.
a) working b) works c) worked d) he is working
I can't phone my friend ……… not knowing his telephone number.
a) as b) because c) since d) because of
I had to take a taxi ………… it was raining heavily.
a) due to b) although c) because d) because of
He was put in prison ………… killing his neighbour in a fight.
a) because of b) because c) due d) as
Despite ………… limited vocabulary, he speaks English fluently.
a) he has b) having c) has d) have
………the cost of living here is high, there are many advantages.
a) However b) Because c) Although d) Despite
The man was very careful, ………… he lost his money.
a) and b) so c) because d) however
He felt sick ………… he ate too much.
a) so b) because c) unless d) because of
He won't do any work for you ………… you pay him in advance. مقدّما
a) unless b) because c) if d) without
………… there were video cameras in the supermarket, many things were stolen.
a) Because b) Although c) Despite d) Besides
No one was watching TV,………… I switched it off.
a) because b) but c) so d) however
He bought a ticket ……………… he decided to travel to Alex.
a) because b) although c) due to d) though
I want to be fit لائق بدنيا ………… I have to run every day.
a) although b) if c) so d) because
She's quite healthy ……… she never takes any exercise.
a) despite b) due to c) although d) because
He will get a prize ………… he wins the match.
a) unless b) if c) besides d) although
I continued running ………… I felt very tired.
a) although b) despite c) because d) due to
He was rewarded by his boss …………… his hard work.
a) due to b) because c) if d) however
………he answered the questions correctly, he got the full mark.
a) Because b) Due to c) Although d) Because of
…………that man works hard, he doesn't earn much money.
a) Despite b) If c) Although d) Because
He didn't go to work …………… his illness.
a) despite b) however c) because d) because of
………… you are 18 years old, you can't get a driving licence. 
a) Unless b) When   c) If d) Without
Tourists come to Egypt for their holidays ……… its fine weather.
a) because b) due to  c) although d) in spite of
………… doing the washing up, the girl cooked dinner for the family.
a) Although b) In addition c) As well d) Besides
I'm not very good at most sports, ………… I can swim very well.
a) because b) so c) however d) that's why
You will win the gold medal ……………… you train very hard.
a) if b) without c) unless d) although
He refused to eat anything ……………… he was hungry.
a) because b) besides c) if d) although
……………… running your own work is hard, it is also enjoyable.
a) Despite b) Because of c) Although d) However
They were dismissed طردوا ……………… their bad manners. سوء السلوك
a) because b) owing to c) despite d) as
The film was boring, ……………… I fell asleep.
a) but b) however c) because d) that's why



2- Find the mistakes in the following sentences, then write them correctly:
Despite I was tired, I finished my homework before going to bed.
The boy didn't go to school although he was ill.
Unless I have time, I will come and see you tomorrow.
Gulliver escaped from the island due to the king wanted to kill him.
Unless I want to find out about a writer, I will go to the library.
As well as went to the club, we went to the cinema.
He had to apologize because of he made a shameful مخزي mistake.
They didn't play the match because the bad weather.
I like most school subjects, because I don't like physics.
Despite the box was heavy, he could carry it.
He went to the doctor's because being ill.
Unless you don’t improve your work, you’ll fail the exam.
She left the job due to the salary was very low.
Despite they played very well, they lost the match.




Test 2 (Based on Unit 2)

A) Language Functions



1- Respond to each of the following situations:
You want to know if your friend has watched his new DVD.
Your friend agrees to help you. You are very pleased.
Your friend asks you about the country where Swift was born.
Someone says that the computer isn't very useful. You have a different opinion.

2- Mention the place and the speakers in the following situations:

Place:…………………………
Speaker A:………………
Speaker B:………………
1-A: It's very kind of you to bring me such lovely flowers.
B: Not at all. I hope you get better soon. When are you going back home?
A: I think in three days' time.

Place:…………………………
Speaker A:………………
Speaker B:………………
2-A: Excuse me, do you have these trousers in
a large size?
B: Just one moment, madam, I'll check.
A: Thank you.



B) Vocabulary and Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
A …………… is someone who prints something and makes it available for people to buy.
a) commentator b) announcer c) reporter d) publisher
I was not able to speak for myself, so I asked a lawyer to……… me.
a) present b) prevent c) represent d) torment
The prisoner was able to ……… when the guard forgot to take the keys.
a) escape b) scrape c) reshape d) creep
The boys were unkind to the new student and they……his big nose.
a) made out b) made up for c) made fun of d) made for
Jonathan Swift is the ……… of Gulliver's Travels.
a) author b) reporter c) reader d) playwright
The teacher …………… the bad student by making him stay in the classroom during the lunch break.
a) banished b) punished c) punched d) polished
The ……… on the Olympic Games was much better on the other channel.
a) commentary b) representation c) explanation d) imagination
Ireland is a country which belonged ……… England in the past.
a) for b) with c) at d) to
The army attacked the ………… at dawn. في الفَجر
a) ally b) collaborator c) partner d) enemy
The little boy is a …………… of his grandparents.
a) favour b) favouritism c) favourite d) favourable
As well as ……………… a writer, he was a politician.
a) he was b) being c) be d) been
The patient is still ……………… from asthma. الرّبو
a) complaining b) suffering c) enduring d) escaping
We can go to play tennis …………… the weather is good.
a) although b) due to c) unless d) if
I wanted to go to school, ……………… I was too sick to go.
a) as b) but c) so d) despite
We had to change our plans ……………… the bad weather.
a) because b) in spite of c) due to d) however
You will have an accident ……………… you are careful.
a) if b) because c) as d) unless


4- Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it correctly:
The police found the steal car 50 kilometres from where it was left.
You shouldn't ridiculous people who have ideas different from yours.
My uncle is a represent for an international company.
Our trip to Sinai got delayed تأخرت because the heavy rain.
They played the match in spite of it rained heavily.
As well as speaks English, Ramy speaks two other languages well.





C) Reading comprehension

5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

Everyone is individual and different. In the same way as everyone's fingerprints are unique, so is everyone's personality. We can usually see people's personality in the clothes they wear, or how they behave with other people. When we say that we know someone well, what we really mean is that we can make accurate guesses about what that person will do or think. We know the different features of their personality. These features are called "personality traits".
Psychologists think that we have "central personality traits". These affect how we behave, and how we react to people and situations. Examples of central personality traits are friendliness, neatness, competitiveness, shyness and optimism. This means that generally a person will be friendly or shy, neat or untidy, optimistic or pessimistic in different situations. Some psychologists think that we inherit these central traits from our family and that they usually stay with us all our life.
Psychologists say that we also have "secondary traits", connected with the things we prefer, such as our favourite food, music, films or colours. These can change as we get older, but very often many of them stay the same all our lives. For example, when we are adults we may buy clothes the same colour that we liked when we were children.


A) Answer the following questions:
How are people different from each other?
Mention three adjectives from the passage that describe positive aspects of people's personalities.
What are the different types of traits mentioned in the passage?


B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
Psychologists think that we get our central traits from our ………… .
a) school b) books c) family d) friends
According to the passage, if we know people well, we get to know ………………… .
a) their families b) their friendliness
c) their neighbours d) their personality traits



6- Read the passage then answer the questions:
On leaving, Mrs. Magda gave instructions to the new baby-sitter, whose main work was to look after the baby. The baby-sitter had never done this work before and Mrs. Magda was a little bit anxious. "Make yourself comfortable, Soha." Mrs. Magda said. "I've prepared a tray of food and fruit for you. You can listen to the radio or watch TV, but don't have it on too loud because it might wake the baby. Sound moves terribly in this house. If the boy wakes up, go to his room and stay with him there until he goes back to sleep. Anyway, he is two years old, so you wouldn’t have any trouble. My husband and I will be back at about five o'clock."
Mr Kamal and his wife Magda returned rather later than they had expected. They heard the sound of TV. A light was still on in the living room. Their little baby was crying loudly. His face was covered with tears. Mr Kamal switched off the TV. Mrs. Magda went to the living room immediately and came out holding the baby who was very hungry.
"What is she doing there? Where is Soha? She is fast asleep. She has eaten all the food here!"

A) Answer the following questions:
Why was Mrs. Magda worried about the baby-sitter?
What instructions did Mrs. Magda give to the baby-sitter?
Was Soha a good baby-sitter or a bad one? Why?



B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
When Mrs. Magda returned home, she was surprised because …………………… .
a) the baby-sitter was awake b) there was a light in the living room
c) the TV was on d) the baby was crying and Soha was fast asleep

Mrs. Magda came home ………… .
a) before five b) after five c) at five sharp d) at half past four





E) Writing

7- Write a paragraph of about 100 words about:

"The computer is indispensable in our modern life"


F) Translation


8- A)Translate into Arabic:

The progress of any nation depends greatly on its youth and the services they do for the prosperity of their country. A youth can take part in the industrial projects of his country. During the summer vacation he may go to his village, mix with the farmers and teach them how to read and write.


B) Translate into English:

كان للعلماء والمفكرين العرب تأثيرا كبيرا على الثقافة الغربية.
إن هوايتي المفضلة هى قراءة القصص الخيالية والاستماع إلى الموسيقى.